Azam Korbayram – International Vision University, Str. Major C. Filiposki No.1, Gostivar – North Macedonia

Elif Hoca – International Vision University, Str. Major C. Filiposki No.1, Gostivar – North Macedonia

Keywords:                   United Nations;
Collective security;
Intervention

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/ERAZ.2023.543

Abstract: After the catastrophic and devastating consequences of World War II, which shook the whole world, the UN was established, one of the main goals of which was to establish the legal framework of the basic prin­ciples for the use of military force and military intervention. Namely, for the preservation of collective security, the Charter of the organization itself and numerous conventions strictly prohibit war and the use of force between the subjects of international law. In that context, various steps have been taken and binding prohibitions on the use of force have been introduced. The mo­tive of the research consists of the introduced mechanisms for the preserva­tion of collective security. Namely, the paper tries to analyze the legal frame­work of the concepts of military power and soft power. The paper tries to in­vestigate (the differences between) the concepts of power, conflict, military power and soft power with their methods and mechanisms provided by in­ternational law.

9th International Scientific ERAZ Conference – ERAZ 2023 – Conference Proceedings: KNOWLEDGE BASED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, hybrid – online, virtually and in person, Prague, Czech Republic, June 1, 2023

ERAZ Conference Proceedings published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans – Belgrade, Serbia

ERAZ conference partners: Faculty of Logistics, University of Maribor, Maribor (Slovenia); University of National and World Economy – UNWE, Sofia (Bulgaria); Center for Political Research and Documentation (KEPET), Research Laboratory of the Department of Political Science of University of Crete (Greece); Institute of Public Finance – Zagreb (Croatia); Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Ohrid, University of St. Kliment Ohridski from Bitola (North Macedonia)

ERAZ Conference 2023 Conference Proceedings: ISBN 978-86-80194-72-1, ISSN 2683-5568, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/ERAZ.2023

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission. 

Suggested citation

Korbayram, A., & Hoca, E. (2023). The Methods of Hard Power and Soft Power in International Law. In V. Bevanda (Ed.), ERAZ Conference – Knowlegde Based Sustainable Development: Vol 9. Conference Proceedings (pp. 543-548). Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans. https://doi.org/10.31410/ERAZ.2023.543

References

Acer, Y., & Kaya, I. (2011). Uluslararası Hukuk. Ankara: USAK Yayınları.

Aksoy, M. (2016). Önleyici Meşru Müdafaa Hakkı Bağlamında Bush Doktrini ve ABD’nin Irak’ı İşgali. İnsani ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi., 3.

Alexandrov, S. A. (1996). Self-Defense Against the Use of Force in International Law. The Hague: Kluwer International.

Bilener, T. (2019). Dış Politika Analizinde Yumuşak Güç – Keskin Güç Karşılaştırması: Çin Örneği. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, p. 242.

Evans, M. (2010). International Law. London: Oxford University Press.

Frckoski, L., Georgievski, S., & Petrushevska, Т. (2012). Megunarodno Javno Pravo. Skopje: Magor.

Gligorova, A., Sherifi, Q., & Filipovski, Z. (2020). Dıplomacy As A Tool For Conflıct Pre­ventıon And Management. Vision International Scientific Journal, 5(2), 9-28. Retrieved from https://visionjournal.edu.mk/social/index.php/1/article/view/81/81 

Hoca, E. (2020). Non-contract Liability of the European Union Member States. Vision Interna­tional Scientific Journal, 5(2), 109-125.

Ilgen, T. (2016). Soft Power and European-American Affairs. In J. S. Nye, & T. Ilgen (Ed.), Hard Power, Soft Power and the Future of Transatlantic Relations. London and New York: Routledge

Korbayram, A. (2021, March). Relatıons And Control Mechanısms Between The Legıslature And The Executıve Bodıes In The Macedonıan Constıtutıonal Order. Vision International Scientific Journal, 6(1), 93-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.55843/ivisum2116093k  

Nuredin, A. (2023). Fourth-Generatıon Human Rıghts And The vıolatıon Of The Concept Of Prıvacy. Vision International Scientific Journal, 8 (1). doi: https://doi.org/10.55843/ivisum2381009n    

Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Publıc Affaırs.

Nye, J. S. (2011). The Future of Power. New York: Public Affairs.

Özkan, A. (2002). Uluslararası Hukukta Birleşmiş Milletler ve Afganistan Operasyonu. Avra­sya Dosyasi, BM Özel, 8(1).

Shaffer, G., & Pollack, M. A. (2011, March 15). Hard Versus Soft Law in International Security. Boston College Law Review, 52, 1147. Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-13. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1786836 

Snidal, K. W. (2000). Hard and Soft Law in International Governance. International Organiza­tion 54, 430.

Sulaymanov, O. R. (2022). The Role Of “Soft Law” Norms In Regulatıng contemporary In­ternatıonal Relatıons. The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology, 4(12), 1-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume04Issue12-01  

Abazi, V. (2020). The European Union Whistleblower Directive: A ‘Game Changer’ for Whis­tleblowing Protection? Industrial Law Journal, 49(4), 640-656. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwaa023

Butler, J. V., Serra, D., & Spagnolo, G. (2020). Motivating Whistleblowers. Management Sci­ence, 66(2), 605-621. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3240

De Zwart, A. P. (2020). EU whistleblowing rules to change in favor of whistleblowers. Journal of Investment Compliance, 21(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1108/joic-08-2020-0015

Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the Protection of Persons Who Report Breaches of Union Law.

RESOLUTION of the Municipal Court in Prague No. 10 Ad 10/2020 – 102 from 25.11.2021. https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/judikat/msph/10-ad-10-2020-102

RESOLUTION of the Constitutional Court No. IV. ÚS 2401/22 from 4. October 2022. http://kraken.slv.cz/IV.US2401/22

RESOLUTION of the Supreme Administrative Court No. 4 Ads 440/2021 – 105 from 28.6.2022. https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/judikat/nsscr/4-ads-440-2021-105

Turksen, U. (2018). The Criminalisation and Protection of Whistleblowers in the EU’s Coun­ter-Financial Crime Framework. In K. Ligeti, & S. Tosza (Eds.), White Collar Crime – A Comparative Perspective (1 ed., pp. 331-366). Hart Publishing..